Three-dimensional fractal video coding

Fractal image coding has been used successfully to encode digital grey level images. Especially at very low bitrates fractal coding performs better than transform coding. Up to now fractal coding was mainly used for still images. In literature some proposals for fractal video coding schemes can be found, but in all cases two-dimensional contraction operators are used. In this paper we propose an extension to three-dimensional fractal video coding with spatial and temporal contraction. The new scheme uses a variable order fractal approximation in the 3D-frequency domain. High coding efficiency is achieved with an entropy constrained selection of the fractal transform parameters. As the new coding scheme uses no motion compensation the computational complexity can be kept low. Compared to two-dimensional coders an improved approximation quality is obtained.